Bait for glass-drawing machines.



A. E. SP IjNASSEQ BAIT FOR GLASS DRAWING MACHINES- APPLICATION FILED$55.10, 1913- Paitented Feb. 11,1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

Slum/"m A, E; SPINASSE, BAIT FOR GLASS DRAWINGMAGHINES.

, APPLICATION FILED FEB. 10, 191 3.

'PatenMFeb. 1; 1916.

2 snisfs-sum 2 BAIT son GLASS-DRAWING Mnciimas.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented'Feb. i, 1916.

Application filed February 10, 1913. Serial No. 747,581.

To all whom may concern Be it known that I, ARTHUR SPiNAssE', a citizenof the United States of America, and residing'at Mount Vernon, in thecounty of Knox and St'at'eof Ohio, have invented -certain new and usefulImprovements in be so. operative as to eliminate this danger ofbreakage.

My invention may be best described in relation to the drawing of glasscylinders or rollers, although it is not necessarily limited thereto.

Before entering into a description of the structural details of my bait,it seems practically necessary to outline the difiicult situation to bemet with in the drawing of glass with'a bait.

It must first be clearly realized that, from the moment the drawcommences, there will be either a band of glass surrounding a piece ofthe bait material which 15 usually iron;

or there must be a band of iron surrounding piece of glass. Now, withthis condit on I1GCBSSZ11]iy existing, it must be very apparent that theapplication of even a uniform" heat to the connected pieces of bait andglass would change their bulks; and the change in one would notcorrespond to the change in the other for the very apparent reason thattheirco-eificients differ. If the material of the bait were suclrthatits coefficieht was equal to the coefficient of that of glass, then.under a uniform heat, the expansions and contract-ions would doubtlessaccord. But, this is with a uniformly applied heat and furthermore anymaterial whose coel'licient approaches-that of glass would in allprobability be too expensive.

Now, letus consider and first appreciate that the heating action is notuniform and can hardly be made so. The bait isalways of a differenttemperature from the molten glass bath into which it is inserted. -Thismolten glass bath is generally at an ap-. proximate temperature of 1500degrees F. Hitherto, the temperature of the bait has always been less.Consequently, there is an interchange of heat between the glass, and thebait during the draw, that portion of the cylinder which connects it tothe bait and which is usually termed the novel yielding up its heat tothe bait. This glass novel, in giving up its heat to the bait,contracts. The bait, on the contrary, expands as it absorbs the heatuntil the temperatures of the glass novel and the bait are substantiallyequal. Probably the novel sets after the bait has expanded considerably.Then, probably, both the novel and the bait commence to cool but oneinevitably cools more rapidly than the other. This would result alonefrom the fact that one or the other, the novel or the bait, is directlysubject to the atmosphere. Furthermore, it will be apparent that neitherthe novel nor the bait will be individually heated with uniformity. Inthe first place, the edges of the bait must inevitably heat more thanthe rest of the body. Then, the first part of the bait to enter and thelast to leave the bath must absorb more heat than the rest of the bait.Then too, it is ordinarily true that the edges of the bait are the firstpart to enter and.

the last part to leave the bath. Now, the difiiculty generally arisesafter the comparatively brittle glass has set. For instance, assume thatthe novel has attained its final form duringthe expansion or" the bait.If the glass surrounds the bait, further [expansion of such bait mustbreak the novel; or, if the bait surrounds the glass, the re turn ofsuch bait to initial size on cooling 'must rupture the fragile glassbecause the Local variations of the bait and novel sur- I faces may,under some conditions, be just as vitally important as variations ofgeneral contour. in this, I have particular rerun ence to superficialvariations which Wlll cause breakage upon the setting;- of the novel ifthe novel and bait have become fused to each other. The reason for thisis very simple and very apparent. Supe imposed square inches of noveland. bait surfaces, co inciding throughout at one temperature andinstant, would not coincide the instant afterward upon the slightesttemperature variation. Also, as pointed out, the temperature variationsare never uniform. Now, if these superimposedsquare inches of surface.are fused, the tension stresses arisf m in the; effort to tear apartwill brcalc the novel, impair the bait, or do both. I

To the best of my knowledge, the above analysis of the diiliculties tobe met with is. original with me and is the result of many years ofstudy and experiment. The basis. of my invention is a recognition thatthe minute variations of form of the novel and bait, relatively, arematerial. Then with this recognition as a basis, ,rny on resides inattaining novel and'hait orsuch relative form that the effect of thevariations is nullified thus rendering them ii'ifinaterial.

My invention has to do with the relation of the novel to the bait from astandpoint of support and it has to do with the relation of the novel tothe bait from a standpoint of form. Viewed from both standpoints, myinvention has to do with the production on the bait of a novel supportedin what may be termed an easy relation.

' The term easy relatiolrhas a broad meaning in my mind a nd such easyrelation has to be produced-by the avoidance, primarily, of certaindangerous conditions existing between the bait and novel. The things tobe avoided are: Fusion of bait and novel surfaces.

Eire-ct rupturing pressures due to relativeiorm. Combination of directpressures and tension stresses."Fusion of the bait and novel surfacesmust be avoided. This is best efi'ected by using the bait coinparatively cold, that is, in the neighborl'iood of 200 degrees F. It isnot improbable that the same result might be attained by covering thebait with a. graphite or some similar material. v

Direct rupturing pressure due to relative form must be avoided. Hereinlies my in.- vention. My invention is a bait of such structure that,given. avoidance of material fusion, it will support the novel withoutfusion and will automatically"accommodate itself to the changes in formof the novel. (In the use'of the term novel I mean to in.- clude thatportion of the cylinder which connects it to the bait and which may haveinfinite variety of form.) My invention, therefore, is a baitconstructed to support the" cylinder by its initial portion or novelnuance without fusion. This bait is yieldable to avoid direct rupturingpressures and in such yielding it still holds this initial portion ornovel with ample firmness to permit of blowing and drawingg thecylinder. Preferably, my bait automatically returns to normal positionfor successive operations.

My invention may take various formsbut it preferably comprises asupporting surface made "up of concentrically mounted sections which maybe maintained in proper position by grayity return after yielding, byinherent resiliency, or by supplemental springs or -Weights.' -Thesections are Sllfl'lClEIliDlY close together to prevent the glass fromreadily lowing thercbctween and they contract and expand individually,spreading and contracting'in assemblage when necessary to avoid ruptureof the novel. The relation be tween the novel and the bait isessentially that of the coi1pling-in its broad features a. carcoupling-in which the coupling memberof the novel or cylinder is formedby the chilling of the bait coupling member.

prefer:

embodiments of my inventron are sh urn-in the accompanying drawings inwhich similar characters of refer ing the bait eta slightly subsequentperiod of the d ring operation and after the blowing action hascommenced. It will he noted. that the assembled sections have slightlyseparated in response to conflicting pressures between the bait andnovel. It will also be noted that the neck customary in formingcylinders has been done away with in this showi Thisivvould beimpossible in a non-yielding bait. Fig. dis a section the same haltshoving its manner of removal from the novel when the drawmg operationhas been completed. Fig. 5

' is a top plan viewof the bait shown in the preceding figures of thedrawing, showing the air pane in. section. Fig. 6 is a section 1 I? n .Lor HROClHK-I'fl town or bait where n he sections are resilientlymaintained in operative position by a washer under the control of a coilspring. Fig. 7 is a. sectiouof a bait having lunged sections which areunder the control of a. washer to the extent'that such washer precludedeXceSSiVe spreading while the mounting of the sections gives them anatural tendency to return to operatime position. Fig.8 is a uection ofanother yielding bait which embodies the principles unease of myawi andwhich is particularly adapted to the drawing and blowing of a cylinderWltllOlllJfi. neck,.resulting in a very material saving of time. Fig. 9is a section through a still differentform of bait constrncted inaccordance with my invention. Fig. 10 is. another modification of mysectional bait wherein the sections are laterally yieldable with asliding action. Fig. 11 shows a form of yielding bait wherein thesections are inherently resilient and form a pocket for retaining andsupporting the novel. Fig. 12 shows a bait substantially similar to thatshown in Fig. 11, with the exception that .thenovel is to be supportedupon the exterior of the bait instead of within a pocket formed by thesections.

In the drawings, Figs. 1 to 5, inclusive, show the'bait as comprising apipe 1 with socketed ears 2 for the support of pins 3 of gravitysections 4. These sections are mounted to have a common center and areof a form to produce a pocket for the re-,- tention and support of anovel, inasmuch as they have supporting surfaces which are substantiallyhorizontal but for the fact that they are slightly dished at the rear toform shallow grooves with inwardly and upwardly inclined walls. Also,the orificia] walls of the sections-are desirably rounded or given agradually outward sweep,'while the adjacent exterior surfaces of thesections are formed to shed the/glass with which they come in contact.Each section may be provided with a handle 5. The sections are sohingedly supported that they naturally as-;' sumo such relativepositions as to form a pocket with slightly concaved novel supportingsurfaces .and with the remaining Figs. 1,2, 3 and 4: successively. Fig.1

shows the bait in the normal position of its parts. Inasmuch as Ipreferably use the bait while at an approximate temperature of 200degrees 'F., or less the exchange of heat between the glass and the baithas already begun. Fig. 2 shows the bait immediately after the drawingoperation has commenced, at which time the position of the bait sectionsin relation to each other has not noticeably changed. Fig. 3 shows 1 thebait after the drawing has progressed .otherwise have arisen.

and sections 1% hinged to ears 15. posed above the sections andexercising an fore becomes unnecessary to break the novel.

That this is a distinct advantage, will be appreciated by workers in theart who have observed that the brealnng of the novel on the baitfrequently causes impairment of such bait.

The form of bait shown in Fig. 6 comprises a pipe 7, sections 8 hingedas at 9 to ears 10 and a means for resisting and finally limiting theoutward swinging of these sections upon their hinges or pivots. Thismeans is in the form of an inverted cup-shaped washer 11 which surroundsthe pipe 7 and is normally forced downward by a coil spring 12.

' Fig; 7 shows a bait comprising a pipe 13 Superultimate'restraint upontheir yielding move ment is a washer 16 having its edge downwardlyturned as at 17 and terminating just above the'sectionsand at such adistance therefrom as to give them some slight capability of yieldingand yet revent too great a spreading. This washer may be held in placeby a pin 18 which extends through the pipe 13 immediately thereover.

Fig. 8 is illustrative of a feature which, aside from the obviation of.breakage, is

probably the most vital result of my im-- provement,,that is the abilitytodraw the cylinder without the initial forming of a neck and permittingit to set. In actual practice, this forming of the neck and permittingit to set has hitherto occupied avery material part of the completedrawing period. \Vith my yielding bait this neck,

which was necessarily formed in all nonyielding baits, need not beformed. With the solid bait the neck must be permitted to set beforeblowing. This was the case with the hot bait and it is equally true ofthe cold pocket bait of solid "form. In the pocket bait of solid form,failure to allow the neck to set before blowing would result '19 are inthe fornr of hooks terminating in ipwardly and inwardly directed wedges20 whose lower surfaces21 have a gradually which have always, hitherto,been formed prery to the actual forming of the Fig. 10 represents a baitin which the pipe carries a disk-like flange 22 on. its lower end, theupper surface of such flange supporting sections 23 of hook-like formand producing a pocket structure when assembled. These sections arefreely slidable upon the flange 22 except for the restraint of a weightywasher 24: having a conical socket 25 which embraces and rests upon.

wedge-like formations :26 upon the inner endsof the sections. 1t will beapparent F that this weighty washer tends to maintain the sections intheir normally indrawn posi tions but that they may spread underradially outward pressure. In operation, this, is just What happens'andthe danger of direct rupturing pressure is obviated.

Figs. 11. and 12 show forms of yielding baits whose yielding action isattained through the inherent "resiliency of fingers which correspond tothe sections in the other forms described. In both forms, the pipe 27carries an integral formation comprising resilient fingers 28 and theaction will be apparent-.-

'which is such that direct rupturing pressures are avoided for thereason that, since the novel will not yield after it has once set, thebait automatically yields and varies its form to suiiiciently avoid allconflicts which threaten to rupture either the bait or novel.

I do not limit myself to the forms of baits shown, since a malleablemetal bait might serve. However, the scope of my invention is set forthin the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tocover by Letters Patent, is:

1. A bait for drawing glass comprising a continuous element constructedto vary its form in avoidance of relatively rupturing pressures. saidelement being so constructed that the novel may be supported withoutfusion and may be so formed in relation to said element that it will notinterfere with the said variation of form.

2. A bait for drawing glass comprising a continuous element havingyieldable sections, said element being so constructed that the novel maybe supported without fusion and may be so formed in relation theretothat it will not interfere'with the yielding of said sections. a

3. A bait for drawingglass comprising a continuous novel-supportingelement having sections yieldable at the point'of departureof the novelfrom the bait, said element being so constructed that the novel may besupported without fusion and may be so formed in relation to saidelement that it will not interfere with the yielding of said sections. av

4. A. bait for drawing glass com rising a continuous novel-supportingelement having sections capable of a substantially horizontal yieldingaction, said element being so constructed that the novel may besupported without fusion and may be so formed in relation thereto thatit will not interfere, with the yielding of said sections.

5. A bait for drawing glass comprising sections assembled to produce apocket adapted tosupport a novel without fusion, said sections beingcontinuous and being yieldable to render the walls of the said pocketautomatically adjustable.

6. A bait-for. drawing glass comprising 7 A bait for drawing glasscomprising.

sections pivoted in assemblage to form a pocket of a contour to supporta novel without fusion, said sections forminga continuous bait andbeingcapable of swinging on their pivots sufiiciently to avoid rupturingpressures between the bait and the novel supported within its pocket. i

8. A bait for drawing, a glass cylinder comprising a continuous elementconstructed of yielding parts and adapted to support a. novel and at thesame time yield to avoid rupturing pressures, said bait having a contourto permit immediate blowing of the cylinder whereby the glass may beblown outward against said yielding parts with out locking the baitagainst its yielding action.

9. A device for drawing glass comprising a hollow bait with inwardlyextending finhers, provision beingmade in the baitwhereby expansion orcontraction of the bait and glass cylinders, said bait being made In.yieldable sections. V I 12. A hollow continuous-bait for drawing mmaaithat when the novel is supported without fusion, expansionandjcontractmn of said novel with reference .to the bait may be takencare of without the development of rupturing strains or pressuresbetween the novel and. the bait. i a v 11. A hollow contlnuous bait fordrawing glass cylinders, said bait being continuous and consisting ofsections pendant at the top and inwardly Zcurved at the bottom,

whereby upon expansion of a novel said sec-.

tions may yield outwardly.

13. A bait for drawing glass cylinders Consisting of an air pipe, a headmounted on the end of said alr pipe, and bait sections ipivoted on saidhead, said sections being inwardly curved and continuous at'their bottom'80 as to forma 'bait narrowerat its lowerend than at its interior,whereby when a novel is formed, expandingstresses may be converted intoan outward push of the novel head upon the bait, whereby the sections ofsaid bait are made to swing outward or diturned inward at their bottomso as to form a continuous edge for the'bait', the line of said edgebeing outside or forming a larger circle than the line of pivots wherebythe weight of said sections always tends to draw them together at thebottom."

- In testimony whereof I hereby, afiix 'my signature in presence of twowitnesses.

nmguun E. sPnvA'ssE.

Witnesses: WALTER E. L.'B0oK,.

Roscoe WRAVY.

